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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Genome sequencing has been proved to be an excellent tool to monitor the molecular epidemiology of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, i.e., coronavirus disease 2019. Some reports of infected, vaccinated individuals have aroused great interest because they are primarily being infected with circulating variants of concern. To investigate the cases of infected, vaccinated individuals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, we performed genomic monitoring to estimate the magnitude of the different variants of concern in these cases. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs from infected (symptomatic and asymptomatic), vaccinated or unvaccinated individuals (n=29), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value (Ct values) of ≤30 were subjected to viral sequencing using nanopore technology. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that the Omicron variant was found in 99% of cases and the Delta variant was found in only one case. Infected, fully vaccinated patients have a favorable clinical prognosis; however, within the community, they become viral carriers with the aggravating factor of viral dissemination of variants of concern not neutralized by the currently available vaccines. CONCLUSION: It is important to acknowledge the limitations of these vaccines and to develop new vaccines to emergent variants of concern, as is the case of influenza vaccine; going through new doses of the same coronavirus vaccines is "more of the same."
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Identificada inicialmente em Wuhan, na China, a Covid-19 causada pelo novo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória (SARS-CoV-2) provocou um alerta global. Diante desse cenário emergencial, o Brasil, assim como outros países, tem vivenciando grandes mudanças nas ações e serviços em saúde. Na Bahia, a velocidade de disseminação da doença ocasionou um aumento significativo na notificação de casos e óbitos, promovendo uma restruturação no processo de trabalho da vigilância epidemiológica estadual para atuar de forma oportuna na captação, investigação e classificação de casos, e publicação e recomendações de medidas sanitárias. Este trabalho objetiva descrever o processo de trabalho na vigilância epidemiológica de óbitos por Covid-19 no estado da Bahia. Trata-se de um relato de experiência do processo de trabalho de análise dos óbitos por Covid-19 no período de março a dezembro de 2020. A trajetória metodológica foi estruturada em análise documental, relatórios de investigação, ferramentas de notificação do Ministério da Saúde e outros sistemas oficiais, como o Formulário Eletrônico do SUS FormSUS, produzido pela Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica para identificar os óbitos por Covid-19 nos hospitais da Bahia em tempo hábil, facilitando o processo de captação, investigação, análise e publicação de informação de mortalidade. Observou-se que a estruturação de um processo organizado e aplicado ao fluxo de trabalho possibilitou a qualificação e a fidedignidade das informações dos óbitos por Covid-19, garantindo mudanças incrementais no âmbito da vigilância e segurança das informações publicadas, essenciais para o planejamento das ações de prevenção e controle.
Initially identified in Wuhan, China, Covid-19 caused by the respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global alert. Faced with this emergency scenario, Brazil, like other countries, has been experiencing major changes in health actions and services. In the state of Bahia, the rapid spread of the disease increased significantly the notification of cases and deaths, promoting a restructuring in the work process of state epidemiological surveillance to act in a timely manner in capturing, investigating and classifying cases, publishing and recommending sanitary measures. This paper aims at describing the work process in the epidemiological surveillance of deaths by Covid-19 in the state of Bahia. This is an experience report of Covid-19 death analysis work process, from March to December 2020. The methodological trajectory was structured in document analysis, investigation reports, notification tools from the Ministry of Health and others official systems, and the SUS FormSUS Electronic Form, produced by the Epidemiological Surveillance Directorate (Divep) to identify deaths by Covid-19 by hospitals in Bahia in a timely manner, facilitating the process of capturing, investigating, analyzing and publishing information of mortality. It was observed that the structuring of an organized process and application to the workflow enabled the qualification and reliability of death information by Covid-19, ensuring incremental changes in the scope of surveillance and security in the published information, essential for planning prevention and control actions.
Inicialmente identificado en Wuhan, China, el covid-19 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) ha desencadenado una alerta global. Ante este escenario de emergencia, Brasil, al igual que otros países, ha venido experimentando importantes cambios en las acciones y servicios de salud. En Bahía, la velocidad de propagación de la enfermedad provocó un aumento significativo en la notificación de casos y defunciones, promoviendo una reestructuración en el proceso de trabajo de la vigilancia epidemiológica estadual para actuar de manera oportuna en la recopilación, investigación, clasificación de casos, publicación y recomendación de medidas preventivas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el proceso de trabajo en la vigilancia epidemiológica de las muertes por covid-19 en el estado de Bahía. Es un informe de experiencia del proceso de trabajo de análisis de muertes por covid-19, de marzo a diciembre de 2020. La trayectoria metodológica se estructuró en análisis de documentos, informes de investigación, herramientas de notificación del Ministerio de Salud y otros sistemas oficiales, así como el Formulario Electrónico SUS FormSUS, elaborado por la Dirección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (Divep) para identificar las muertes por covid-19 en los hospitales de Bahía de manera oportuna, lo que facilita el proceso de recopilación, investigación, análisis y publicación de información sobre mortalidad. Se observó que la estructuración de un proceso organizado y aplicado al flujo de trabajo permitió la calificación y confiabilidad de la información de muertes por covid-19, asegurando cambios incrementales en el alcance de la vigilancia y seguridad de la información publicada, fundamental para planificar la prevención y el control.
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Mortality , Coronavirus , Death , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , PandemicsABSTRACT
Study design: analytical survey. Purposes: 1) to get knowledge on college students' perceptions and behavior concerning condom use for AIDS prevention; 2) to provide subsides for planning educational inerventions. Methods: An exploratory study preceded the elaboration of the self-administered questionnaire employed for data collection. College students from three different cities of the State of Säo Paulo, Brazil integrated a convenient sample. Results: Seven hundred and eleven college students compounded the sample presenting the following characteristics: 43,0 percent were male students and 57,0 percent, female ones with ages varying from 17 to 32 years; 65,4 percent of the males and 43,9 percent of the females stated having had previous sexual intercourse. Research data disclosed the majority of them as having a reduced or regular risk perception level of getting AIDS/HIV; students of both genders declared their distrust regarding the efficacy of preventive measures. They reported having a low level of confidency condom use and a high level of confidence in a well-known sexual partner as a means for avoiding HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: An increment in the number of researches on social and cultural components associated to risk behaviors regarding AIDS/HIV infection is mandatory in order ot guide the planning for further educational interventions aimed to control AIDS/HIV epidemic